biofilms
Environmental Microbiology | SpotlightDeep-Subsurface Pressure Stimulates Metabolic Plasticity in Shale-Colonizing Halanaerobium spp.The hydraulic fracturing of deep-shale formations for hydrocarbon recovery accounts for approximately 60% of U.S. natural gas production. Microbial activity associated with this process is generally considered deleterious due to issues associated with sulfide production, microbially induced corrosion, and bioclogging in the subsurface. Here we demonstrate that a representative Halanaerobium species, frequently the dominant...
Genetics and Molecular BiologyAxenic Biofilm Formation and Aggregation by Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 Are Induced by Changes in Nutrient Concentration and Require Cell Surface StructuresMicrobes can exist as suspensions of individual cells in liquids and also commonly form multicellular communities attached to surfaces. Surface-attached communities, called biofilms, can confer antibiotic resistance to pathogenic bacteria during infections and establish food webs for global nutrient cycling in the environment. Phototrophic biofilm formation is one of the earliest phenotypes visible in the fossil record, dating back over...
Genetics and Molecular BiologyMolecular and Functional Analysis of the Type IV Pilus Gene Cluster in Streptococcus sanguinis SK36The proteins and assembly machinery of the type IV pili (Tfp) are conserved throughout bacteria and archaea, and yet the function of this surface structure differs from species to species and even from strain to strain. As seen in Streptococcus sanguinis SK36, the expression of the Tfp gene cluster results in a hairlike surface structure that is much shorter than the...
Genetics and Molecular BiologyGlycosyltransferase-Mediated Biofilm Matrix Dynamics and Virulence of Streptococcus mutansTooth decay, a costly and painful disease affecting the vast majority of people worldwide, is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria utilize dietary sugars to build and strengthen biofilms, trapping acids onto the tooth’s surface and causing demineralization and decay of teeth. As knowledge of our body’s microbiomes increases, the need for...
Microbial EcologyEffects of Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 on the Cariogenic Properties and Composition of a Cariogenic Multispecies BiofilmDental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases worldwide, with substantial economic and quality-of-life impacts. Streptococcus mutans has been considered the principal pathogen of dental caries. To combat dental caries, an antimicrobial peptide, GH12, was designed, and its antibacterial effects on planktonic...
MethodsAutomated Microscopic Analysis of Metal Sulfide Colonization by Acidophilic MicroorganismsThe presented method for the assessment of mineral colonization allows accurate relative comparisons of the microbial colonization of metal sulfide concentrate particles in a time-resolved manner. Quantitative assessment of the mineral colonization development is important for the compilation of improved mathematical models for metal sulfide dissolution. In addition, deep-learning algorithms proved that axenic or mixed cultures of the...
- Microbial EcologyLong-Term Colonization Dynamics of Enterococcus faecalis in Implanted Devices in Research Macaques
Enterococcus faecalis is a common cause of health care-associated infections in humans, largely due to its ability to persist in the hospital environment, colonize patients, acquire antimicrobial resistance, and form biofilms. Understanding how enterococci evolve in health care settings provides insight into factors affecting enterococcal survival and persistence....
- Genetics and Molecular BiologyResuscitation-Promoting Factors Are Required for Mycobacterium smegmatis Biofilm Formation
- Environmental MicrobiologyDifferential Production of Psl in Planktonic Cells Leads to Two Distinctive Attachment Phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The attachment of planktonic cells to surfaces is the first and most crucial step in biofilm formation. In this paper, we show that planktonic cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa differently attach to surfaces. Typically, in the later exponential phase, approximately 80% of the cells can quickly attach to surfaces within 15 min, whereas approximately 20% of the cells...