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fungi

  • Synergistic Action of a Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and a Cellobiohydrolase from <em>Penicillium funiculosum</em> in Cellulose Saccharification under High-Level Substrate Loading
    Biotechnology | Spotlight
    Synergistic Action of a Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and a Cellobiohydrolase from Penicillium funiculosum in Cellulose Saccharification under High-Level Substrate Loading

    The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass by cellulases continues to be a significant bottleneck in the development of second-generation biobased industries. While increasing efforts are being made to obtain indigenous cellulases for biomass hydrolysis, the high production cost of this enzyme remains a crucial challenge affecting its wide availability for the efficient utilization of cellulosic materials. This is because it is...

    Olusola A. Ogunyewo, Anmoldeep Randhawa, Mayank Gupta, Vemula Chandra Kaladhar, Praveen Kumar Verma, Syed Shams Yazdani
  • Open Access
    Fungal Signature of Moisture Damage in Buildings: Identification by Targeted and Untargeted Approaches with Mycobiome Data
    Public and Environmental Health Microbiology
    Fungal Signature of Moisture Damage in Buildings: Identification by Targeted and Untargeted Approaches with Mycobiome Data

    Living or working in damp or moldy buildings increases the risk of many adverse health effects, including asthma and other respiratory diseases. To date, however, the particular environmental exposure(s) from water-damaged buildings that causes the health effects have not been identified. Likewise, a consistent quantitative measurement that would indicate whether a building is water damaged or poses a health risk to occupants has not...

    Rachel I. Adams, Iman Sylvain, Michal P. Spilak, John W. Taylor, Michael S. Waring, Mark J. Mendell
  • Contrasting Patterns of Functional Diversity in Coffee Root Fungal Communities Associated with Organic and Conventionally Managed Fields
    Microbial Ecology
    Contrasting Patterns of Functional Diversity in Coffee Root Fungal Communities Associated with Organic and Conventionally Managed Fields

    Rhizosphere fungi play key roles in ecosystems as nutrient cyclers, pathogens, and mutualists, yet little is currently known about which environmental factors and how agricultural management may influence rhizosphere fungal communities and their functional diversity. This field study of the coffee agroecosystem suggests that organic management not only fosters a greater overall diversity of fungi, but it also maintains a greater...

    Elizabeth C. Sternhagen, Katie L. Black, Eliza D. L. Hartmann, W. Gaya Shivega, Peter G. Johnson, Riley D. McGlynn, Logan C. Schmaltz, Rebecca J. Asheim Keller, Stefanie N. Vink, Laura Aldrich-Wolfe
  • Site-Specific Profiling of the Dental Mycobiome Reveals Strong Taxonomic Shifts during Progression of Early-Childhood Caries
    Public and Environmental Health Microbiology | Spotlight
    Site-Specific Profiling of the Dental Mycobiome Reveals Strong Taxonomic Shifts during Progression of Early-Childhood Caries

    Early-childhood caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide and, while preventable, remains a global public health concern. Untreated cavities are painful and expensive and can lead to tooth loss and a lower quality of life. Caries are driven by acid production via microbial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, resulting in enamel erosion. While caries is a well-studied disease, most research has focused on...

    Lauren M. O’Connell, Ryan Santos, Garrett Springer, Robert A. Burne, Marcelle M. Nascimento, Vincent P. Richards
  • Core Rhizosphere Microbiomes of Dryland Wheat Are Influenced by Location and Land Use History
    Microbial Ecology
    Core Rhizosphere Microbiomes of Dryland Wheat Are Influenced by Location and Land Use History

    Plant-associated microbiomes are critical for plant health and other important agroecosystem processes. We assessed the bacterial and fungal microbiomes of wheat grown in soils from across a dryland wheat cropping systems in eastern Washington to identify the core microbiome on wheat roots that is consistent across soils from different locations and land use histories. Moreover, cross-domain co-occurrence network analysis identified...

    Daniel C. Schlatter, Chuntao Yin, Scot Hulbert, Timothy C. Paulitz
  • Structural and Functional Dynamics of Soil Microbes following Spruce Beetle Infestation
    Environmental Microbiology
    Structural and Functional Dynamics of Soil Microbes following Spruce Beetle Infestation

    Belowground impacts of bark beetle infestation have not been explored as thoroughly as their aboveground counterparts. In order to accurately model impacts of bark beetle-induced tree mortality on carbon and nutrient cycling and forest regeneration, the intricacies of soil microbial communities must be examined. In this study, we investigated the structure and function of soil bacterial and fungal communities following bark beetle...

    Gordon F. Custer, Linda T. A. van Diepen, William L. Stump
  • Open Access
    <em>Trichoderma reesei</em> Dehydrogenase, a Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Member of Auxiliary Activity Family 12 of the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Database: Functional and Structural Characterization
    Enzymology and Protein Engineering
    Trichoderma reesei Dehydrogenase, a Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Member of Auxiliary Activity Family 12 of the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Database: Functional and Structural Characterization

    Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is an important cofactor synthesized by prokaryotes and involved in enzymatic alcohol and sugar oxidation. In eukaryotes, the benefit of PQQ as a vitamin has been suggested but never proved. Recently, the first eukaryotic enzyme using PQQ was characterized in the basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea, demonstrating that fungi are able to use...

    Annick Turbe-Doan, Eric Record, Vincent Lombard, Rajender Kumar, Anthony Levasseur, Bernard Henrissat, Marie-Line Garron
  • Recovery of Fungal Cells from Air Samples: a Tale of Loss and Gain
    Microbial Ecology
    Recovery of Fungal Cells from Air Samples: a Tale of Loss and Gain

    This work shed light on a significant issue regarding the loss of fungal spores when recovered from air samples using liquid medium and centrifugation to concentrate air particles before DNA extraction. We provide proof that the loss affects the overall fungal diversity of aerosols and that some taxa are differentially more affected than others. Furthermore, a laboratory experiment confirmed the environmental results obtained during...

    Hamza Mbareche, Marc Veillette, Wieke Teertstra, Willem Kegel, Guillaume J. Bilodeau, Han A. B. Wösten, Caroline Duchaine
  • Mycobiome Profiles in Breast Milk from Healthy Women Depend on Mode of Delivery, Geographic Location, and Interaction with Bacteria
    Microbial Ecology | Spotlight
    Mycobiome Profiles in Breast Milk from Healthy Women Depend on Mode of Delivery, Geographic Location, and Interaction with Bacteria

    During recent years, human breast milk has been documented as a potential source of bacteria for the newborn. Recently, we have reported the presence of fungi in breast milk from healthy mothers. It is well known that environmental and perinatal factors can affect milk bacteria; however, the impact on milk fungi is still unknown. The current report describes fungal communities (mycobiota) in breast milk samples across different...

    Alba Boix-Amorós, Fernando Puente-Sánchez, Elloise du Toit, Kaisa M. Linderborg, Yumei Zhang, Baoru Yang, Seppo Salminen, Erika Isolauri, Javier Tamames, Alex Mira, Maria Carmen Collado
  • Stress-Responsive Alternative Sigma Factor SigB Plays a Positive Role in the Antifungal Proficiency of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>
    Environmental Microbiology | Spotlight
    Stress-Responsive Alternative Sigma Factor SigB Plays a Positive Role in the Antifungal Proficiency of Bacillus subtilis

    Biological control using beneficial bacteria (PGPRs) represents an attractive and environment-friendly alternative to pesticides for controlling plant diseases. Different PGPR Bacillus species produce potent biofungicides and stimulate plant defense responses against phytopathogenic fungi. However, very little is known about how PGPRs recognize phytopathogens and process the antifungal response. Here, we report how...

    M. Bartolini, S. Cogliati, D. Vileta, C. Bauman, W. Ramirez, R. Grau

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